什么是mariadb?
       MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支，主要由開源社區在
維護，采用GPL授權許可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和
命令行，使之能輕松成為MySQL的代替品。在存儲引擎方面，使用XtraDB
（英語：XtraDB）來代替MySQL的InnoDB。    MariaDB由MySQL的
創始人Michael Widenius（英語：Michael Widenius）主導開發，他早
前曾以10億美元的價格，將自己創建的公司MySQL AB賣給了SUN，此后，
隨著SUN被甲骨文收購，MySQL的所有權也落入Oracle的手中。MariaDB
名稱來自Michael Widenius的女兒Maria的名字。

1.Mariadb安裝  
    1-1安裝mariadb和mariadb-client組件:    
        # yum groupinstall -y mariadb mariadb-client   
    1-2啟動mariadb服務:    
         # systemctl start mariadb ; systemctl enable mariadb   
[root@server1 ~]# ss -antple|grep mysql
LISTEN     0      50                        *:3306                     *:*      
users:(("mysqld",2622,13)) uid:27 ino:36479 sk:ffff8800235a0000 <->

    1-4編輯/etc/my.cnf文件,在[mysqld]中加入以下參數:        
        skip-networking=1    
     1-5# systemctl restart mariadb      
        # ss -antlp |grep mysql     此時只允許通過套接字文件進行本地連接,阻斷
        所有來自網絡的tcp/ip連接。
2.使用mysql_secure_installation工具進行數據庫安全設置,根據提示完成
   操作: 
          # mysql_secure_installation
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation 
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
     SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] 
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] 
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 
... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] 
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] 
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@server1 ~]# 

3.登錄數據庫:    
          # mysql -u root -p
Enter password: redhat
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database
|
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql
|
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit 

4.數據庫基本操作SQL
show databases;                            顯示數據庫
use mysql;                            進入數據庫
show tables;                            顯示數據庫中的表
desc user;                            查看user表的數據結構
flush privileges;                        刷新數據庫信息
select host.user,password from user;                查詢user表中的host，user，password字段 
create database westos;                        創建westos數據庫
use westos;                            
create table linux(                        創建表，username，password字段
username varchar(15) not null,
password varchar(15) not null
);
select * from mysql.user;                    查詢mysql庫下的user表中的所以
alter table linux add age varchar(4);                添加age字段到linux表中
alter table linux drop age;
alter table linux add age varchar(4) after username;
show tables;
desc linux; 
insert into linux values ('user1','passwd1');                在linux表中插入值為username = user1，password = password1
update linux set password=password('passwd2') where username=user1;    更新linux表中user1 的密碼為password2
delete from linux where username=user1;                    刪除linux表中user1的所以內容 

5.mysql 密碼恢復  
          1)#systemctl stop mariadb   
          2)#mysql_safe --skip-grant &   
          3)#mysql        
          update mysql.user set password=password('westos') where user='root';    更新mysql.user 表中條件為root用戶的密碼為加密westos   4)killall -9  mysqld_safe     ps -aux | grep mysql     kill -9 ****    5)systemctl start mariadb 

6.用戶和訪問權限
創建用戶CREATE USER wxh@localhost identified by 'westos';
CREATE USER lee@'%' identified by 'redhat';用戶授權GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT on mariadb.* to wxh@localhost;
GRANT SELECT on mariadb.* lee@'%';重載授權表FLUSH PRIVILEGES;查看用戶授權SHOW GRANTS FOR wxh@localhost;撤銷用戶權限REVOKE DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT on mariadb.* from wxh@localhost;刪除用戶DROP USER wxh@localhost; 

7.備份與恢復
備份# mysqldump -uroot -predhat westos > westos.dump
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --all-databases > backup.dump
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --no-data westos > westos.dump   ##只備份框架，不備份數據。恢復# mysqladmin -uroot -predhat create db2
或 mysql -uroot -predhat -e 'CREATE DATABASE db2;'
# mysql -uroot -predhat db2 < westos.dump 

8.網頁管理數據庫
1)裝軟件http,php,php-mysql  (phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages)
2)cd /var/www/html
3)下載解壓php壓縮包,
4)mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/   myadmin   
5)cd myadmin/
6)cp config.sample.inc.php  config.inc.php   vim config.inc.php        $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '';       ==>$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'steven';  
7)systemctl restart httpd  
8)172.252.254.X/myadmin     

數據庫備份腳本
#!/bin/bash
HELLO=$1.`date +%Y-%m-%d`.sql
read -p "please input your  user name :"  NAME
read -s -p "please input the user password :" PASSWORD
mkdir /mydata  &>/dev/null
touch /mydata/$HELLO
mysqldump -u$NAME -p$PASSWORD  $1 >/mydata/$HELLO
echo -e  "\nThe backup successful!"
　　 
　　 

新聞標題：mariadb數據庫服務
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