在ORACLE數據庫中,RMAN備份的腳本非常多,下面介紹一例shell腳本如何通過RMAN備份,以及FTP上傳RMAN備份文件以及歸檔日志文件的腳本。
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fullback.sh 里面調用RMAN命令做數據庫備份,它使用的cmdfile為/home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv,同時在/home/oracle/backup/logs目錄下生成日志文件。
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more fullback.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/bash
4:
5: export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
6:
7: export ORACLE_SID=gps
8:
9: ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
10:
11: TMP=/tmp; export TMP
12:
13: TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
14:
15: PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
16:
17: PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
18:
19: LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
20:
21: CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
22:
23: export CLASSPATH
24:
25: TODAY=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
26:
27: rman nocatalog target / cmdfile /home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv log /home/oracle/backup/logs/fullbackup_$TODAY.log
28:
29: /home/oracle/backup/bin/ftpbackup.sh
30:
fullback.rcv文件非常簡單, 如下所示:
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more /home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv
2:
3: run{
4:
5: allocate channel c4 type disk;
6:
7: backup as compressed backupset
8:
9: skip inaccessible
10:
11: tag fullbackupwitharchivelog
12:
13: (database);
14:
15: backup current controlfile;
16:
17: backup spfile;
18:
19: sql "alter system archive log current";
20:
21: delete noprompt obsolete;
22:
23: release channel c4;
24:
25: }
26:
RMAN生成的備份文件,需要通過FTP上傳到FTP服務器,一則數據庫服務器沒有這么多空間存儲多天的備份,二則是出于容災、數據安全需要。
下面腳本中FTP服務器,用戶名密碼均使用xxx替代,在實際環境中,使用具體的信息替代即可。
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more ftpbackup.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/sh、
4:
5: rm -f /home/oracle/.netrc
6:
7: date_yesterday=`date -d'yesterday' +%Y_%m_%d`
8:
9: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
10:
11: echo "default login xxxx password xxxxxx" /home/oracle/.netrc
12:
13: echo "macdef init" /home/oracle/.netrc
14:
15: echo "binary" /home/oracle/.netrc
16:
17: echo "cd archivelog" /home/oracle/.netrc
18:
19: echo "mkdir $date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
20:
21: echo "cd $date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
22:
23: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
24:
25: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
26:
27: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
28:
29: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
30:
31: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
32:
33: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
34:
35: echo "mput * "/home/oracle/.netrc
36:
37: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
38:
39: echo "cd ../backupset" /home/oracle/.netrc
40:
41: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
42:
43: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
44:
45: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/backupset/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
46:
47: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
48:
49: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
50:
51: echo "cd ../autobackup" /home/oracle/.netrc
52:
53: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
54:
55: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
56:
57: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/autobackup/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
58:
59: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
60:
61: echo "quit" /home/oracle/.netrc
62:
63: echo "" /home/oracle/.netrc
64:
65: chmod 600 /home/oracle/.netrc
66:
67: ftp -i -v xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 8021 /home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp$date_today.log 21
68:
另外,關于歸檔日志也需要每隔2小時上傳一次到FTP服務器,2小時上傳一次歸檔日志的shell腳本如下所示:
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more ftp2hours.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/sh
4:
5: rm -f /home/oracle/.netrc
6:
7: date_yesterday=`date -d'yesterday' +%Y_%m_%d`
8:
9: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
10:
11: echo "default login xxxx password xxxx" /home/oracle/.netrc
12:
13: echo "macdef init" /home/oracle/.netrc
14:
15: echo "binary" /home/oracle/.netrc
16:
17: echo "cd archivelog" /home/oracle/.netrc
18:
19: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
20:
21: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
22:
23: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
24:
25: echo "mput * "/home/oracle/.netrc
26:
27: echo "quit" /home/oracle/.netrc
28:
29: echo "" /home/oracle/.netrc
30:
31: chmod 600 /home/oracle/.netrc
32:
33: ftp -i -v xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 8021 /home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp2hours.$date_today.log 21
34:
最后需要將RMAN備份生成的日志文件,以及FTP上傳備份文件以及歸檔日志的記錄通過郵件形式發送給DBA或系統管理員,
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more chkbackandmail.sh
2: #!/bin/bash
3: rm -f /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
4: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
5: subject="Oracle Backup Alert Service on $date_today"
6: content="Dear colleagues,
7:
8: Attached please find the logs of xxx(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) oracle database backup and transfer to FTP Server(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx), please
9: review the file and check whether the backup succeeded or not,and double check all backups have been dumped to tape, many tha
10: nks
11:
12:
13:
14:
15: Best regards
16: Oracle Alert Services
17:
18: "
19: file="/home/oracle/backup/logs/fullbackup_$date_today.log,/home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp$date_today.log"
20: echo "#!/usr/bin/perl" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
21: echo "use Mail::Sender;" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
22: echo "\$sender = new Mail::Sender {smtp = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', from = 'xxxx@xxx.com'}; " /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmai
23: l.pl
24: echo "\$sender-MailFile({to = 'xxx@esquel.com'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
25: echo "cc='xxx@xxx.com,xxx@xxx.com,xxx@xxx.com'," /home/oracle/backup/b
26: in/sendmail.pl
27: echo "subject = '$subject'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
28: echo "msg = '$content'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
29: echo "file = '$file'});" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
30: perl /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
最后在Crontab 作業里面配置調用這些shell腳本。例如如下所示,在1:01分執行fullback.sh ,每隔兩個小時(例如0:50、2:50...)執行一次ftp2hours.sh, 在每天早上8:40執行chkbackandmail.sh 發送fullback.sh 以及ftp2hour.sh的執行日志記錄。
只考慮備份,不考慮其他情況下:
root下的3個rman備份級別的腳本:
#cat
rman_0.sql
backup
incremental
level
database;
#cat
rman_1.sql
backup
incremental
level
1
database;
#cat
rman_1c.sql
backup
incremental
level
1
cumulative
database;
root下的調用rman腳本
#cat
rman_0.sh
#!/bin/bash
su
-
oracle
-c
"rman
target
sys/SHUIMITAO@rabbit
@/root/rman_0.sql"
#cat
rman_1.sh
#!/bin/bash
su
-
oracle
-c
"rman
target
sys/SHUIMITAO@rabbit
@/root/rman_1.sql"
#cat
rman_1c.sh
#!/bin/bash
su
-
oracle
-c
"rman
target
sys/SHUIMITAO@rabbit
@/root/rman_1c.sql"
root的計劃任務:
#crontab
-e
1
*
*
/root/rman_0.sh
2
*
*
1
/root/rman_1.sh
2
*
*
2
/root/rman_1.sh
3
*
*
3
/root/rman_1c.sh
2
*
*
4
/root/rman_1.sh
3
*
*
5
/root/rman_1c.sh
2
*
*
6
/root/rman_1.sh
11g里只有0和1兩個備份級別,請自行對應oracle低版本
level
0是full
level
1是差異增量備份
--和前一次備份比較,將這個期間改變的數據備份下來
level
1c是累計增量備份
--和比他小得級別相比(即全備份),改變的數據備份
然后根據實際情況還要將備份的策略往腳本添加
沒必要用root權限執行,oracle用戶同樣可以執行crontab計劃任務
1、su - oracle
crontab -e
0 4 * * 0 /home/oracle/exp.sh 21 /home/oracle/script_exp.log;
0~59 表示分
0~23 表示小時
1~31 表示日
1~12 表示月份
0~6 表示星期(其中0表示星期日)
2、cat /home/oracle/exp.sh
. ~/.bash_profile
bakdir=/opt/dbbak
logdir=/home/oracle/dbbak
rq=$(date +%Y%m%d)
exp system/***** owner=jysh file=${bakdir}/jysh_${rq}.dmp log=${logdir}/jysh_${rq}.log;
find ${bakdir} -type f -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;
批量插入數據腳本
1、第一種批量插入數據腳本,可以基本滿足要求。理解上較為簡單,所以這個最常用。
NEXTVAL和CURRVAL的區別:
1、如果 sequence.CURRVAL 和 sequence.NEXTVAL 都出現在一個 SQL 語句中,則序列只增加一次。在這種情況下,每個 sequence.CURRVAL 和 sequence.NEXTVAL 表達式都返回相同的值,不管在語句中sequence.CURRVAL 和 sequence.NEXTVAL 的順序。
執行腳本結果如下:
3、兩個表,同時批量插入數據的腳本
3、
4、 涉及子表時,批量插入數據腳本,
5、 批量修改數據 :
時間取數方式:
一、SYSTIMESTAMP(取當前系統值)
二、SYSDATE(取當前系統值,但只精確到時,分和秒都為0)
三、固定值為:TO_TIMESTAMP ('2019-2-12 15:24:45.703000', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss.ff6')
把固定的字段改為變量:
方式一:’||i||’ 例:’{“no”:“111’||i||’”}’(此方式)
方式二:concat 例:concat(concat(’{“blNo”:111"’,i),’"}’)
把下面的代碼保存為服務器端的腳本,執行即可。PS:需要自己替換一下雙引號中的內容
#!/bin/sh
. $HOME/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID="你的數據庫的SID"
CutDATE=`date '+%Y-%m%d-%H%M'`
DATE=`date -d '-2 day' '+%Y-%m%d'`
export NLS_LANG="你的字符集設定"
exp "具有權限的賬號"/"密碼" file=/home/oracle/2014/"你的數據庫的SID"_$CutDATE.dmp log=/home/oracle/2014/"你的數據庫的SID"_$CutDATE.log owner=user1,user2
INSERT INTO BOOK(bookid,name,price)? VALUES('100123','oracle ',54);
或者
INSERT INTO tablename(bookid,name,price)
SELECT '100123','oracle,54 FROM DUAL;
總結下Oracle 中的Insert用法
1.標準Insert --單表單行插入
語法:
INSERT INTO table [(column1,column2,...)] VALUE (value1,value2,...)
例子:
insert into dep (dep_id,dep_name) values(1,'技術部');
2, 無條件 Insert all --多表多行插入
語法:
INSERT [ALL] [condition_insert_clause]
[insert_into_clause values_clause] (subquery)
示例:
INSERT ALL
INTO sal_history(emp_id,hire_date,salary) values (empid,hiredate,sal)
INTO mgr_history(emp_id,manager_id,salary) values (empid,hiredate,sal)
SELECT employee_id empid,hire_date hiredate,salary sal,manager_id mgr
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id200;
3,有條件的Insert
語法:
INSERT [ALL | FIRST]
WHEN condition THEN insert_into_clause values_clause
[WHEN condition THEN] [insert_into_clause values_clause]
......
[ELSE] [insert_into_clause values_clause]
Subquery;
示例:
Insert All
when id5 then into z_test1(id, name) values(id,name)
when id2 then into z_test2(id) values(id)
else into z_test3 values(name)
select id,name from z_test;
4, 旋轉Insert (pivoting insert)
create table sales_source_data (
employee_id number(6),
week_id number(2),
sales_mon number(8,2),
sales_tue number(8,2),
sales_wed number(8,2),
sales_thur number(8,2),
sales_fri number(8,2)
);
insert into sales_source_data values (176,6,2000,3000,4000,5000,6000);
create table sales_info (
employee_id number(6),
week number(2),
sales number(8,2)
);
示例如下:
insert all
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_mon)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_tue)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_wed)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_thur)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_fri)
select employee_id,week_id,sales_mon,sales_tue,
sales_wed,sales_thur,sales_fri
from sales_source_data;
本文題目:oracle腳本如何寫 oracle sql腳本
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