如何學習時態?對中學生來說,成都app軟件開發公司 成都建站公司 好還是從各個時態的基本概念、基本形式和基本用法學起。在過了這一階段之后,再放開步伐,通過大量的聽、讀和筆頭實踐,獲得感性的知識。現在,我們就從最基本的概念、形式和用法等方面來總結一種新的時態——現在完成時。

| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打敗 |
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
be | was / were | been | 是,在… |
begin | began | begun | 開始 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
break | broke | broken | 破裂、折斷 |
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
cost | cost | cost | 花費 |
cut | cut | cut | 砍、切、割 |
hit | hit | hit | 打、撞 |
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
become | became | become | 成為 |
come | came | come | 來 |
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
understand | understood | understood | 理解、明白 |
bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
build | built | built | 建造 |
burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt | 燃燒 |
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前見過她,但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days.
近幾天他去過那里三次了。六、現在完成時與一般過去時的比較1) 一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了這部電影。(強調看的動作發生過了。)I have seen this film. 我看過這部電影了。(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)2) 一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday;last week;…ago;in1990;in October;just now …
現在完成時的時間狀語:already;ever; for;just;never;since;yet;so far;till/until;
up to now;in the past few years;recently…
3) 現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如:live;teach;learn;work;study;know等;一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。She joined the League three years ago.
她三年前入團了。 (加入的動作不是延續的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).
她入團三年了。(在團內的狀態,可延續)She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).
她入團三年了。(是團員的狀態,可持續)七、非延續性動詞和延續性動詞的轉換 現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示一段時間的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始,一直持續到現在。但是,像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。要用,必須將其改為相應的延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換: arrive → be here begin(start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave →be away fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→be up go out→be out finish →be over put on→wear 或be on open→be open join→be in或 be a member of… close→be closed go to school → be a student borrow→keep buy→have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→studycome to work→work
例如:He has been a soldier for three years. 他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years. 他父親去世兩年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已開始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們(開始)學英語已三年了。八、have/has gone to;have/has been to;have/has been in的區別have/has gone to:已經去了或在途中,還沒有返回;have/has been to:曾經去過某地,現在已經回來了,后面可接表示“次數”的狀語;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間,現仍在那里”,其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。 例如:— Where is Tom? Tom 在哪兒?— He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.
他去書店買書了。I have been in Beijing for 5 years.
我在北京待了5年了。Jack has been to Shanghai twice. Jack
去過上海兩次了。鞏固練習一、單項填空。1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in2. We have been friends since ______. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before3. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. You ______ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago6. I _____ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _____ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black _________Chinasince the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to10. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been deadC. died D. dies
[真題鏈接]1. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office?
— No. He for half an hour.
A. left
B. has left
C. has been away
2. — Is Miss Green in the office?
— No, she ____ to the library.
A. goes
B. had goes
C. has gone
D. would go
3. — A new shop ______ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.
— Good idea. But it doesn’t ____ on Mondays.
A. opened; opened
B. has been opened; open
C. has opened; opened
D. has been open; open二、用 already或 yet填空。1. Have they taken down the old pictures ____? No, not _______.2. Most of us have finished our compositions ________3. He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.三、用 since或 for填空。1. We have learned five lessons ______ the beginning of this term.2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital ______last week.3. I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.
四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1. — Where is Jack?
— He __________ his country.
2. John __________Englandsince he came back.
3. How long __________ you __________this village?
4. The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
5. — __________you ever __________ America?
— Yes, I __________ there many times.
6. I __________this school since three years ago.
7. — When __________ he __________?
— He __________ an hour ago.
8. — Would you like to __________ the zoo with me?
— Yes, but I __________there before.
9. — Where __________ you __________ just now?
— I __________ the zoo.
10. He often__________ swimming.
11. __________ you __________ there last year?
12. __________ they often __________skating in winter?
五、句型轉換,每空一詞。1. He has already gone home.
He _______ _______ home _________. (否定句)________ he ________ home _________? (一般疑問句)2. He has lunch at home.
He ________ _________ lunch at home. (否定句)________ he _______ lunch at home? (一般疑問句)3. He has been there twice. (對劃線部分提問)________ ______ _______ ________ he been there?
4. I have lunch at school. (對劃線部分提問)________ ________ you _________ lunch.
5. They have been here since 2000.
________ ________ have they been here? (對劃線部分提問) 6. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改為同義句)This factory________ ________ ________ for twenty years.
7. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (改為同義句)Miss Gao _______ _______ _______ _______ an hour ago.
8. Her mother has been a Party member for three years. (改為同義句)Her mother ______ the Party three years _______ .
9. The Green Family moved toFrancetwo years ago. (改為同義句)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved toFrance.
10. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子)_______________________________
參考答案一、單項填空。1. C。現在完成時在肯定句中,與since或for引出的時間狀語連用的是延續性動詞,不能是短暫性動詞。在此題中join是短暫性動詞,不能與for 時間段連用,須把它改成相應的延續性動詞。此題join要改成be in。這兩種詞的轉換是學習現在完成時需要注意的。2. C。現在完成時表示過去已經開始,一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。它的時間狀語since 表過去的時間點,成都網站維護公司for 時間段連用。3. B。在肯定句中,與since或for引出的時間狀語連用的是延續性動詞,不能是短暫性動詞,在此題中buy是短暫性動詞,不能與for 時間段連用,須把它改成相應的延續性動詞。此題 buy 要改成 has had。4. B。現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的動作或存在的狀態對現在造成的影響或結果;already 應放在have后面。5. B。該題考查一般過去時。 6. D。現在完成時表示過去已經開始,一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。與for 時間段連用。7. C。since是現在完成時的標志詞。8. A。本句為完成時態,此處應該選擇since; “since 表過去的時間點”是完成時態的標志性時間狀語。9. B。與since或for引出的時間狀語連用的是延續性動詞,不能是短暫性動詞,come是短暫性動詞因此選B。10. B。現在完成時與since或for引出的時間狀語連用的是延續性動詞,不能是短暫性動詞,die是短暫性動詞,因此要用be dead來代替。[真題鏈接]1. C。句意:—貝貝,陳先生在辦公室嗎?—沒有,他出去一個小時了。因為題中說道“他出去一個小時了”,所以到應該用延續性動詞,故選C。2. C。句意:—格林老師在辦公室嗎?—不在,她去圖書館了。本題考查動詞的時態。由語境可知她去圖書館了,現在還沒回來,故選C項。3. D。本題意為:—這附近有一家新開了一周的店,我們去看一下吧。—好主意,但是周一不開門。本題成都小程序開發公司空應該用延續性動詞,第二空在助動詞后面,應該用動詞原形。故選D。二、用 already或 yet填空。1. yet; yet 2. already 3. yet
三、用 since或 for填空。1. since 2. since 3. for
四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1. has gone to 2. has been in 3. have; been in 4. have been in 5. Have; been to; have been
6. have been in 7. did; go; went 8. go; have been 9. did; go; went to 10. goes
11. Did; go 12. Do; go
五、句型轉換,每空一詞。1. hasn’t gone; yet; Has; gone; yet
2. doesn’t have; Does; have
3. How many times has
4. Where do; have
5. How long
6. has been open
7. has been away since
8. joined; ago
9. It’s; since
10. The bus has been here for ten minutes.
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